2024

Survival Benefits of Ganoderma Lucidum in Early-stage Triple-negative Breast Cancer: A Real World Study

Authors: Baohong Jiang, Na Li, Wei Du, Lijun Zeng, Yuanbin Tang, Lunqi Luo, Hongbo Zhu, and Feng Ye.

Journal: Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery

Study Design:

• Intervention: Ganoderma lucidum spore powder (GLSP)
• Participants: 72 in the treatment group (GLSP) and 216 in the control group (no GLSP) before propensity score matching. 71 in each group after propensity score matching.
• Duration: Retrospective study
• Outcome Measures: Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS)

Summary: This study examined the real-world effects of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder (GLSP) on survival in patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Patients taking GLSP showed significantly improved overall survival and disease-free survival compared to those not taking GLSP, even after adjusting for other factors. This suggests that GLSP may be a promising supplemental treatment for early-stage TNBC.

2023

Combination Treatment in Ulcerative Colitis Using 5-Aminosalysilic Acid (5-ASA) and Polysaccharide Peptide of Indonesian Ganoderma lucidum Mycelium Extract

Authors: Marcellus Simadibrata, Aditya Rachman, Felix Budimutiar, Paulus Simadibrata, Murdani Abdullah, Raja Mangatur Haloho, Anthony Eka Wijaya, Batara Bisuk, Shabrina Maharani, Dewi Mustikarani, Daniel Martin Simadibrata, Peter Sugita

Journal: The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Endoscopy

Study Design:

• Intervention: 3 x 180 mg \u03b2-1,3/1,6-D-glucan (polysaccharide peptide of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium extract) daily in conjunction with 5-ASA tablets 3 to 4 x 500 mg daily
• Participants: 80 in the intervention group (5-ASA + PPGL) and 44 in the control group (5-ASA only)
• Duration: 90 days
• Outcome Measures: Abdominal pain, fecal calprotectin, fecal M2PK, and hemoglobin levels

Summary: This study explored the use of a Ganoderma lucidum extract (PPGL) alongside standard medication (5-ASA) for ulcerative colitis. The results showed that the combination of PPGL and 5-ASA was more effective than 5-ASA alone in reducing symptoms like abdominal pain and improving lab markers of inflammation and blood health. These benefits were seen consistently over 90 days of treatment.

Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma Lucidum, Improves Painful Symptoms in Patients with Restless Legs Syndrome

Author: Jean-Marc Bugnicourt

Journal: Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology

Study Design:

• Intervention: 920 mg of Ganoderma lucidum extract daily
• Participants: 20 (18 analyzed for efficacy)
• Duration: 2 months
• Outcome Measure: International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group severity rating scale (IRLS)

Summary: This study suggests that Ganoderma lucidum extract may be an effective treatment for reducing pain in patients with restless leg syndrome. After 1 and 2 months of treatment, pain scores were significantly lower than at baseline. 72% of patients reported relief after 2 months, with 61% maintaining relief two weeks after treatment discontinuation.

2022

Evaluation of Immune Modulation by \u03b2-1,3; 1,6 D-Glucan Derived from Ganoderma lucidum in Healthy Adult Volunteers, A Randomized Controlled Trial

Authors: Shiu-Nan Chen, Fan-Hua Nan, Ming-Wei Liu, Min-Feng Yang, Ya-Chih Chang, and Sherwin Chen

Journal: Foods

Study Design:

• Intervention: 200 mg of Reishi \u03b2-glucan daily
• Participants: 157 randomized (70 in the intervention group and 65 in the placebo group completed the study)
• Duration: 84 days
• Outcome Measures:
  • T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, etc.)
  • Natural killer (NK) cell counts
  • CD4/CD8 ratio and NK cell cytotoxicity

Summary: This study examined the effects of the Ganoderma lucidum derived \u03b2-1,3; 1,6 D-glucan, on the immune system in healthy adults. The results showed that taking this compound for 84 days increased the number and activity of several types of immune cells, including T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. The treatment was safe and well-tolerated.

2022

The Efficacy of Ganoderma lucidum in Overweight Individuals: A Randomized Placebo-controlled trial

Authors: Shilan Babamiri, Mansooreh Sadat Mojani Qomi, Maryam Shiehmorteza

Journal: Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism

Study Design:

• Intervention: 3 capsules of Ganoderma lucidum per day (each containing 220 mg of whole powder and 30 mg of pure aqueous extract) or placebo
• Participants: 72 (36 in the treatment group and 33 in the placebo group)
• Duration: 6 weeks
• Outcome Measures:
  • Anthropometric indices (body weight, body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], mid-upper arm circumference [MAUC], hip circumference, waist-hip ratio)
  • Fasting blood sugar (FBS)
  • Lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides)
  • Blood pressure

Summary: This study investigated the effects of Ganoderma lucidum supplementation on weight and metabolic parameters in overweight individuals. After 6 weeks, the treatment group showed significant reductions in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and mid-upper arm circumference compared to the placebo group. Additionally, the treatment group had significant improvements in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels. There were no significant changes in other measures like hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, fasting blood sugar, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, or blood pressure.

The Potential Activity of Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes), to Alleviate Liver Injury in Adults with Acute Mushroom Poisoning: A Retrospective Study

Authors: Yixiong Zhang, Xianyi Tang, Tao Jiang, Fangjie Zhang, Mengping Zeng, Dinggeng Zhou, Qiubi Xu, Wei Zhang, and Raja Jahanzaib

Journal: International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms

Study Design:

• Intervention: Oral Ganoderma lucidum (dosage not specified)
• Participants: 61 survivors of acute mushroom poisoning who experienced liver injury
• Duration: Retrospective study covering cases from May 2016 to May 2021
• Outcome Measures:
  • Hospital stay duration
  • Hospitalization expenses
  • Need for blood purification treatment

Summary: This study looked at the potential benefits of Ganoderma lucidum in people who suffered liver damage from accidental mushroom poisoning. While Ganoderma lucidum did not affect the death rate, it did help those who survived. People who received Ganoderma lucidum had shorter hospital stays, lower costs, and were less likely to need a treatment called blood purification.

2021

A Placebo-Controlled, Pseudo-Randomized, Crossover Trial of Botanical Agents for Gulf War Illness: Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum), Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica), and Epimedium (Epimedium sagittatum)

Authors: Jarred Younger, Emily K. Donovan, Kathleen S. Hodgin, and Timothy J. Ness

Journal: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Study Design:

• Intervention: Reishi mushroom (1600 mg and 3200 mg), Stinging nettle (435 mg and 1305 mg), Epimedium (500 mg and 1000 mg) (lower dose) and icariin (100 mg and 200 mg).
• Participants: 29 men with Gulf War Illness (GWI)
• Duration: Each botanical trial consisted of 30 days of placebo, 30 days of lower-dose botanical, and 30 days of higher-dose botanical.
• Outcome Measures: GWI symptom severity

Summary: This study investigated the effects of reishi mushroom, stinging nettle, and epimedium on symptoms of Gulf War Illness (GWI). The results showed that stinging nettle, especially at a higher dose, significantly reduced GWI symptoms compared to placebo. Reishi mushroom did not show a significant decrease in symptoms at the lower dose and was associated with increased symptom severity at the higher dose. Epimedium did not show any significant changes in GWI symptom severity.

2020

Transarterial Chemoembolization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Clinical Efficacy Study of Ganoderma Lucidum Extract Polysaccharide Peptide β-Glucan

Authors: Bagaswoto Poedjomartono, Arif Faisal, Siti Nurjanah

Journal: Bali Medical Journal

Study Design:

• Intervention: Trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) + β-Glucan or placebo
• Participants: 63 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
• Duration: Not specified in the abstract
• Outcome Measures: Tumor response, survival rate, immune response (CD4, CD8, IL-2)

Summary: This study investigated the effect of β-Glucan, a polysaccharide peptide derived from Ganoderma lucidum, as an adjunct to TACE in patients with HCC. The study found that the addition of β-Glucan to TACE significantly improved the therapeutic response, with a higher proportion of patients experiencing complete or partial responses compared to the placebo group. Additionally, β-Glucan was associated with increased survival rates and enhanced immune response, as evidenced by elevated levels of CD4, CD8, and IL-2. These findings suggest that β-Glucan may be a promising adjunct therapy for HCC treatment.

Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Peptide Reduce Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Patient with Atrial Fibrillation

Authors: Ardian Rizal, Ferry Sandra, Muhamad Rizki Fadlan, Djanggan Sargowo

Journal: Indonesian Biomedical Journal

Study Design:

• Intervention: 250 mg of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide (GLPP) three times daily or placebo
• Participants: 38 subjects with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF)
• Duration: 90 days
• Outcome Measures:
  • Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant markers (malondialdehyde, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1b, interleukin-6)
  • Electrocardiography (P-wave dispersion, P-max)
  • Health-related quality of life (SF-36 questionnaire)

Summary: This study looked at the effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide (GLPP) on people with a type of irregular heartbeat called atrial fibrillation (AF). The study found that taking GLPP for 90 days significantly reduced inflammation and oxidative stress (harmful molecules in the body) in these patients. It also improved the electrical signals in their hearts and their overall quality of life, including less fatigue and pain. These results suggest that GLPP could be a helpful addition to the treatment of AF.

Ganoderma Lucidum Effects on Mood and Health-Related Quality of Life in Women with Fibromyalgia

Authors: Francesco Pazzi, José Carmelo Adsuar, Francisco Javier Domínguez-Muñoz, Miguel Angel García-Gordillo, Narcis Gusi, and Daniel Collado-Mateo

Journal: Healthcare

Study Design:

• Intervention: 6 g/day of micro-milled Ganoderma lucidum (GL) fruiting body or placebo
• Participants: 64 women with fibromyalgia
• Duration: 6 weeks
• Outcome Measures:
  • Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS)
  • Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)
  • Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)
  • Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-12 questionnaire (SF-12), version 2
  • Global Impression of Improvement Scale (GIIS)

Summary: This pilot study investigated the effects of Ganoderma lucidum (GL) on mood and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in women with fibromyalgia. While the study did not find statistically significant differences between the GL and placebo groups for most outcomes, likely due to the small sample size, there were notable trends suggesting potential benefits of GL. The group taking GL showed a 17.2% increase in happiness according to the study. Participants taking GL also reported a greater perceived improvement compared to the placebo group. These promising trends suggest that GL may have a positive impact on mood and well-being in women with fibromyalgia, but further research with larger sample sizes and longer durations is needed to confirm these effects.

Effects of a Combination of Elderberry and Reishi Extracts on the Duration and Severity of Respiratory Tract Infections in Elderly Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Authors: Carlos Gracián-Alcaide, Jose A. Maldonado-Lobón, Elisabeth Ortiz-Tikkakoski, Alejandro Gómez-Vilchez, Juristo Fonollá, Jose L. López-Larramendi, Mónica Olivares, and Ruth Blanco-Rojo

Journal: Applied Sciences

Study Design:

• Intervention: 1.5 g elderberry + 0.5 g reishi extract or placebo daily
• Participants: 60 nursing home residents aged 65 or older
• Duration: 14 weeks
• Outcome Measures: Incidence, duration, and severity of respiratory tract infections (RTIs), including influenza-like illness (ILI) and common cold

Summary: This study investigated the effects of a combined elderberry and reishi extract on respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in elderly nursing home residents. While the incidence of RTIs was similar between the extract and placebo groups, the extract group experienced significantly shorter durations of common cold events (2.5 days vs. 4.8 days). Additionally, the extract group had a significantly lower probability of experiencing severe ILI symptoms. The incidence of sleep disturbances was also significantly lower in the extract group. These findings suggest that the combination of elderberry and reishi extracts may be a natural strategy to reduce the duration and severity of RTIs in the elderly.

Dynamic biomarkers indicate the immunological benefits provided by Ganoderma spore powder in post-operative breast and lung cancer patients

Authors: Y. Deng, J. Ma, D. Tang, Q. Zhang

Journal: Clinical and Translational Oncology

Study Design:

• Intervention: 2000 mg of Ganoderma spore powder twice a day for 6 weeks or placebo
• Participants: 120 breast and lung cancer patients undergoing post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy
• Duration: 6 weeks
• Outcome Measures:
  • T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, etc.)
  • Cytokine levels (IL-12, IL-10, COX2, TGF-β1, etc.)
  • Inflammatory biomarkers (albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR))
  • Progression-free survival (PFS)
  • Overall survival (OS)

Summary: This study investigated the effects of Ganoderma spore powder (G. lucidum) on the immune system and clinical outcomes in breast and lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The results showed that G. lucidum increased the levels of certain beneficial immune cells (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+) and cytokines (IL-12), while decreasing the levels of immunosuppressive cells and cytokines (CD4+CD25+Treg, CD3+HLADR+, IL-10, COX2, TGF-β1). Additionally, patients with higher AGR and lower NLR, which are indicators of better immune function and lower inflammation, had improved progression-free survival and overall survival. These findings suggest that G. lucidum may enhance the immune response and improve outcomes in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

2019

\u03b2-1,3/1,6-d-glucan Of Indonesian Ganoderma Lucidum Mycelium Extract Reduces Systolic Blood Pressure & Inflammation In Hypertensive Patients

Authors: Peter Sugita, MR Fadlan, Djanggan Sargowo, and A Rizal

Journal: Hypertension

Study Design:

• Intervention: Ganoderma Lucidum Mycelium Extract (GLME) 540mg/day + CCB/ACEI/ARB or placebo + CCB/ACEI
• Participants: 50 hypertensive adults (age 50-70 years)
• Duration: 90 days
• Outcome Measures:
  • Systolic blood pressure (SBP)
  • Diastolic blood pressure (DBP)
  • Mean arterial pressure (MAP)
  • Heart rate (HR), LVEF, LVMI
  • Inflammatory markers (hsCRP, MDA, TNF-\u03b1, IL-1, & IL-6)

Summary: This study investigated the effects of GLME, a compound derived from Ganoderma lucidum mushrooms, on blood pressure and inflammation in adults with hypertension. The study found that GLME significantly reduced systolic blood pressure compared to the placebo group. While it also lowered diastolic blood pressure, this change was not statistically significant compared to the placebo. The most significant reduction in systolic blood pressure was observed in the group receiving GLME alongside ACE inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB). Additionally, GLME showed anti-inflammatory effects, particularly in the group receiving it with ACEI/ARB, as evidenced by a significant decrease in hsCRP, LVMI, TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, and IL-1\u03b2 levels. These findings suggest that GLME may be a beneficial supplement for managing hypertension and reducing inflammation.

2018

Spore Powder of Ganoderma Lucidum for the Treatment of Alzheimer Disease: A Pilot Study

Authors: Guo-hui Wang, Li-hua Wang, Chen Wang, Li-hong Qin

Journal: Medicine (Baltimore)

Study Design:

• Intervention: Spore Powder of Ganoderma Lucidum (SPGL) or placebo
• Participants: 42 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
• Duration: 6 weeks
• Outcome Measures:
  • Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (ADAS-cog)
  • World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF)
  • Neuropsychiatric Index (NPI)

Summary: This pilot study investigated the effects of SPGL on cognitive function, quality of life, and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with AD. After 6 weeks of treatment, there were no significant differences between the SPGL and placebo groups in any of the outcome measures. This suggests that SPGL may not be effective for the treatment of AD, at least in the short term. However, the study had limitations, including a small sample size and short duration, so further research is needed to confirm these findings.

Randomized Clinical Trial for the Evaluation of Immune Modulation by Yogurt Enriched with \u03b2-Glucans from Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes), in Children from Medell\u00edn, Colombia

Authors: Sandra L. Duque Henao, Sergio A. Urrego, Andrea M. Cano, & Edwin A. Higuita

Journal: International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms

Study Design:

• Intervention: Yogurt enriched with \u03b2-glucans from Ganoderma lucidum or placebo yogurt
• Participants: 124 asymptomatic children aged 3 to 5 years old
• Duration: 12 weeks
• Outcome Measures:
  • Circulating CD8+ T lymphocyte and natural killer (NK) cell counts (primary outcomes)
  • Circulating lymphocyte counts (total, CD3+, and CD4+ T cells), serum concentrations of total immunoglobulin A and cytokines, and various hematological parameters (secondary outcomes)

Summary: This study investigated the effects of yogurt enriched with \u03b2-glucans from Ganoderma lucidum on the immune system in children. After 12 weeks, children who consumed the \u03b2-glucan yogurt had a significantly higher number of CD8+ T cells and total lymphocytes (including CD3+ and CD4+ T cells) compared to those who consumed the placebo yogurt. There were no significant differences in NK cell counts or other immune markers. The intervention was safe and well-tolerated, suggesting that \u03b2-glucans from G. lucidum may be a promising way to boost the immune system in children.

Immunostimulatory and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Ganoderma Lucidum on Breast Cancer Patients

Authors: Nidhal AK. Mohammed Ali, Hakar Abdulkareem Saeed, Ramadhan T. Othman

Journal: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology

Study Design:

• Intervention: Ganoderma Lucidum (GL) capsules (1000 mg twice daily) + chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone
• Participants: 40 female breast cancer patients
• Duration: 12 weeks (four cycles of chemotherapy)
• Outcome Measures:
  • Levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and adiponectin

Summary: This study investigated the effects of GL on immune and inflammatory markers in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. After 12 weeks, patients who received GL in addition to chemotherapy had significantly increased levels of IFN-\u03b3 (a marker of immune activation) and significantly decreased levels of TNF-\u03b1 and IL-8 (markers of inflammation) compared to those who received chemotherapy alone. There was no significant difference in adiponectin levels between the two groups. These findings suggest that GL may enhance the immune response and reduce inflammation in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

2017

Triterpenoids and Polysaccharide Peptides-Enriched Ganoderma Lucidum: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study of Its Antioxidation and Hepatoprotective Efficacy in Healthy Volunteers

Authors: Hui-Fang Chiu, Hui-Yu Fu, Yan-Ying Lu, Yi-Chun Han, You-Cheng Shen, Kamesh Venkatakrishnan, Oksana Golovinskaia & Chin-Kun Wang

Journal: Pharmaceutical Biology

Study Design:

• Intervention: 225mg capsule of triterpenoids and polysaccharide-enriched Ganoderma lucidum (GL) or placebo
• Participants: 42 healthy subjects (22 male and 20 female) with mild liver dysfunction
• Duration: 6 months (each group took GL or placebo for 6 months, with a 1-month washout period in between)
• Outcome Measures:
  • Plasma total antioxidant capacity (TEAC), total thiols, glutathione content
  • Plasma levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and 8-hydroxy-deoxy-guanosine (8-OH-dG)
  • Activities of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes (SOD, CAT, GPx, G-6-PDH, GR)
  • Plasma levels of hepatic marker enzymes (GOT, GPT)
  • Abdominal ultrasound examination

Summary: This study investigated the effects of a triterpenoid and polysaccharide-enriched extract of Ganoderma lucidum (GL) on oxidative stress and liver health in healthy volunteers with mild liver dysfunction. The results showed that GL significantly increased plasma antioxidant capacity and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, while decreasing markers of oxidative stress and liver damage. Additionally, abdominal ultrasound examinations revealed that GL reversed mild fatty liver conditions in some participants. These findings suggest that GL may have antioxidant and liver-protective effects.

The Role of Ganoderma Lucidum Uptake on Some Hematological and Immunological Response in Patients with Coronavirus (COVID-19)

Authors: Miqdam M. Obaid AL-jumaili, Fahad K. Y. Al-dulaimi, Mohammed A. Ajeel

Journal: Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy

Study Design:

• Intervention: Oral Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) or Human convalescent plasma or both or neither
• Participants: 150 patients with COVID-19, ages 35-55
• Duration: April-June 2020
• Outcome Measures:
  • Immunoglobulin (IgG and IgM) levels
  • Total and differential white blood cell counts
  • Hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) count, and platelet count

Summary: This study investigated the effects of G. lucidum on hematological and immunological responses in patients with COVID-19. The results showed that G. lucidum, alone or in combination with convalescent plasma, may help improve immune response and reduce the negative impact of COVID-19 on blood parameters. Specifically, G. lucidum was associated with increased levels of IgG antibodies and certain white blood cells, while decreasing markers of inflammation. Additionally, G. lucidum helped to mitigate the reduction in hemoglobin, red blood cells, and platelets caused by COVID-19. These findings suggest that G. lucidum may be a potential adjunctive therapy for COVID-19.

Cost-Utility Analysis of a Six-Weeks Ganoderma Lucidum-Based Treatment for Women with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Double-Blind, Active Placebo-Controlled Trial

Authors: Miguel A. Garcia-Gordillo, Daniel Collado-Mateo, Miguel A. Hernández-Mocholi, Francesco Pazzi, Narcis Gusi, Francisco J. Dominguez-Muñoz & Jose C. Adsuar

Journal: MYOPAIN

Study Design:

• Intervention: 6 g/day of micro-milled Ganoderma lucidum (GL) or Ceratonia Siliqua (active placebo)
• Participants: 26 women with fibromyalgia
• Duration: 6 weeks
• Outcome Measures:
  • Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) using EQ-5D-5L
  • Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ)

Summary: This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of adding Ganoderma lucidum (GL) to standard care for women with fibromyalgia. The results showed that GL improved quality of life, as measured by QALYs, compared to the active placebo. The incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) was €1348.55/QALY, and the cost-utility acceptability curve showed a 90% probability that GL is a cost-effective treatment option. Although there were no significant differences between groups in the FIQ, participants in the GL group experienced improvements in usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression.

2016

A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Ganoderma Lucidum for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome

Authors: Nerida L. Klupp, Hosen Kiat, Alan Bensoussan, Genevieve Z. Steiner & Dennis H. Chang

Journal: Scientific Reports

Study Design:

• Intervention: 3 g/day of Ganoderma lucidum (GL), with or without Cordyceps sinensis, or placebo
• Participants: 84 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome
• Duration: 16 weeks
• Outcome Measures:
  • Primary: Blood glucose (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] and fasting plasma glucose [FPG])
  • Secondary: Blood pressure, triglycerides, waist circumference, hip circumference, body mass index (BMI), SF-36 Health Survey (quality of life), C-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B

Summary: This study investigated the effects of Ganoderma lucidum (GL), a medicinal mushroom, on cardiovascular risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The study found that GL, taken with or without Cordyceps sinensis, did not have a significant effect on blood glucose levels (HbA1c and FPG) or any other cardiovascular risk factors measured in the study. There was also no increased risk of adverse events in the GL groups compared to the placebo group. These results do not support the use of GL for treating cardiovascular risk factors in people with diabetes or metabolic syndrome.

2015

Useful Treatment of Severe Atopic Dermatitis with Ganoderma Lucidum: A Multiple-Case Study

Authors: E. B. Walters, M.D., and D. Keeney, M.D.

Journal: Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine

Study Design:

• Intervention: 900 mg of Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) extract, three times daily
• Participants: 4 patients with severe atopic dermatitis (AD)
• Duration: 8 weeks
• Outcome Measures:
  • Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index
  • Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI)
  • Physician Global Assessment (PGA)
  • Patient Global Assessment (PtGA)

Summary: This study examined the effects of Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) extract on severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in four patients. After 8 weeks of treatment, all patients experienced significant improvements in their AD symptoms, as measured by the SCORAD, EASI, PGA, and PtGA. These improvements included reduced itching, redness, dryness, and skin thickening. Additionally, no adverse effects were reported. These findings suggest that G. lucidum may be a safe and effective treatment for AD, but further research is needed to confirm these results.

A Randomized Double Blinded Study of Ganoderma Lucidum (Lingzhi) in Salvage Setting of Recurrent Gynecologic Cancer

Authors: Prapaporn Suprasert, Chatchawann Apichartpiyakul, Choompone Sakonwasun, Pimonphan Nitisuwanraksa, and Rochana Phuackchantuck

Journal: International Journal of Cancer and Clinical Research

Study Design:

• Intervention: 6000 mg/day of Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) in water extract or spore form, or placebo
• Participants: 60 gynecologic cancer patients who failed at least two chemotherapy regimens
• Duration: 12 weeks
• Outcome Measures:
  • Toxicity
  • Immunomodulation (CD4, CD8, NK cells, IFN-y)
  • Quality of life (Thai-Modified Function Living Index Cancer Questionnaire)
  • Tumor response (RECIST criteria)
  • Overall survival

Summary: This study investigated the effects of Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) on recurrent gynecologic cancer patients who had failed previous chemotherapy treatments. The study found that Lingzhi, in either water extract or spore form, appeared to stabilize the disease in some patients (38.1% in the water extract group and 50% in the spore group) without causing significant adverse effects. There was no significant difference in overall survival between the groups, but the Lingzhi groups tended to have better survival rates than the placebo group. The study also found no significant effects of Lingzhi on immune function or quality of life. However, due to the small sample size and high dropout rate, further research is needed to confirm these findings.

2014

Control of Oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) by Medicinal Mushrooms, Trametes versicolor and Ganoderma lucidum: A Preliminary Clinical Trial

Author: Bruno Donatini

Journal: International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms

Study Design:

• Intervention:
  • Group 1: Laetiporus sulphureus (LS) 400 mg/day
  • Group 2: Trametes versicolor (TV) + Ganoderma lucidum (GL) 400 mg/day (200 mg of each)
• Participants: 61 patients with oral human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 or 18
• Duration: 2 months
• Outcome Measure: Clearance of oral HPV16 or HPV18 infection (measured by PCR)

Summary: This preliminary study investigated the effects of medicinal mushrooms on oral HPV infection. After 2 months, the group receiving Trametes versicolor (TV) and Ganoderma lucidum (GL) showed an 88% clearance rate of HPV, while the group receiving Laetiporus sulphureus (LS) had only a 5% clearance rate. This suggests that the combination of TV and GL may be effective in clearing oral HPV infection. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings due to the small sample size and lack of blinding in this study.

2013

Preliminary Study of the Applications of Ganoderma Lucidum in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Authors: Sukanya Soksawatmakhin and Wijit Boonyahotra

Journal: Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

Study Design:

• Intervention: 2 g/day of Ganoderma lucidum extract or placebo
• Participants: 50 volunteers with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
• Duration: 12 weeks
• Outcome Measures:
  • Quality of life (SF-12 questionnaire)
  • Fatigue levels (Visual Analog Scale – VAS)
  • Serum cortisol levels

Summary: This study investigated the effects of Ganoderma lucidum extract on fatigue and quality of life in individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). After 4 weeks, participants taking the extract showed significant improvements in quality of life and reduced fatigue levels compared to the placebo group. Additionally, after 12 weeks, those taking the extract had increased serum cortisol levels, which are often lower in people with CFS. The extract was well-tolerated, with no significant difference in side effects compared to the placebo. These findings suggest that Ganoderma lucidum extract may be a potential treatment for CFS.

2011

Study of Potential Cardioprotective Effects of Ganoderma Lucidum (Lingzhi): Results of a Controlled Human Intervention Trial

Authors: Tanya T. W. Chu, Iris F. F. Benzie, Christopher W. K. Lam, Benny S. P. Fok, Kenneth K. C. Lee, and Brian Tomlinson

Journal: British Journal of Nutrition

Study Design:

• Intervention: 1.44 g Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) daily or matching placebo
• Participants: 26 patients with borderline elevations of blood pressure and/or cholesterol
• Duration: 12 weeks (each group took Lingzhi or placebo for 12 weeks, with a 4-week washout period in between)
• Outcome Measures:
  • Body weight, blood pressure, metabolic parameters (lipids, glucose, insulin)
  • Urine catecholamines and cortisol
  • Antioxidant status
  • Lymphocyte subsets

Summary: This study investigated the effects of Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) on cardiovascular and metabolic health in patients with mild hypertension or high cholesterol. The results showed that Lingzhi did not significantly affect blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), or most lipid levels. However, it did lower plasma insulin and insulin resistance, suggesting potential benefits for blood sugar control. Lingzhi also did not significantly impact antioxidant status or immune function. Overall, the study suggests that Lingzhi may have mild anti-diabetic effects and could potentially improve lipid profiles in people with diabetes, but further research is needed.

Spore Powder of Ganoderma Lucidum Improves Cancer-Related Fatigue in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Endocrine Therapy: A Pilot Clinical Trial

Authors: Hong Zhao, Qingyuan Zhang, Ling Zhao, Xu Huang, Jincai Wang, and Xinmei Kang

Journal: Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Study Design:

• Intervention: Spore powder of Ganoderma lucidum (1000 mg three times a day) or placebo
• Participants: 48 breast cancer patients with cancer-related fatigue undergoing endocrine therapy
• Duration: 4 weeks
• Outcome Measures:
  • Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Fatigue (FACT-F)
  • Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
  • EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30)
  • Concentrations of TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 (inflammatory markers)

Summary: This pilot study investigated the effects of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder on cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and quality of life in breast cancer patients undergoing endocrine therapy. After 4 weeks, the group receiving G. lucidum showed significant improvements in physical well-being, fatigue, emotional well-being, functional well-being, anxiety, depression, and overall quality of life compared to the placebo group. Additionally, the levels of inflammatory markers TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 were significantly reduced in the G. lucidum group. No serious adverse effects were reported. These findings suggest that G. lucidum spore powder may be a safe and effective treatment for CRF in breast cancer patients.

2008

Randomized Clinical Trial of an Ethanol Extract of Ganoderma Lucidum in Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

Authors: Masanori Noguchi, Tatsuyuki Kakuma, Katsuyuki Tomiyasu, et al.

Journal: Asian Journal of Andrology

Study Design:

• Intervention: 6 mg of Ganoderma lucidum extract or placebo once daily
• Participants: 88 men over the age of 49 with mild-to-moderate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)
• Duration: 12 weeks
• Outcome Measures:
  • International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS)
  • Quality of life (QoL)
  • Uroflowmetry (peak and mean urinary flow rates)
  • Prostate size
  • Residual urine volume
  • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
  • Testosterone levels

Summary: This study investigated the effects of Ganoderma lucidum extract on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men. After 12 weeks, the extract group showed a significant improvement in IPSS scores compared to the placebo group, indicating a reduction in LUTS. However, there were no significant differences between the groups in quality of life, urinary flow rates, prostate size, residual urine volume, PSA levels, or testosterone levels. The extract was well-tolerated, with no severe adverse effects reported. These findings suggest that Ganoderma lucidum extract may be a safe and effective option for improving LUTS in men.

2007

Safety and Tolerability of Ganoderma lucidum in Healthy Subjects: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

Authors: Sheila M. Wicks, Robin Tong, Chong-Zhi Wang, Michael O’Connor, Theodore Karrison, Shang Li, Jonathan Moss, and Chun-Su Yuan

Journal: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine

Study Design:

• Intervention: 2 grams of Ganoderma lucidum extract or placebo twice daily
• Participants: 16 healthy volunteers
• Duration: 10 days
• Outcome Measures:
  • Subjective questionnaires
  • Electrocardiograms
  • Complete blood counts
  • Blood chemistry analysis
  • Urinalysis
  • Blood tests reflecting immunity (CD4, CD8, CD19, CD56)

Summary: This study investigated the safety and tolerability of Ganoderma lucidum extract in healthy volunteers. The extract was well-tolerated, and no adverse effects were observed compared to the placebo group. There were no significant changes in CD4, CD8, or CD19 cell counts after taking the extract. However, there was an increase in CD56 cell count (a marker for natural killer cells) during the study, which returned to baseline 10 days after stopping the extract. This increase was not statistically significant, possibly due to the small sample size and high variability. The study suggests that Ganoderma lucidum extract is safe for short-term use, but further research is needed to evaluate its long-term safety and effects on the immune system.

Safety and Efficacy of Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi) and San Miao San Supplementation in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial

Authors: Edmund K. Li, Lai-Shan Tam, Chun Kwok Wong, Wai Ching Li, Christopher W. K. Lam, Sissi Wachtel-Galor, Iris F. F. Benzie, Yi Xi Bao, Ping Chung Leung, and Brian Tomlinson

Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatism

Study Design:

• Intervention: Ganoderma lucidum (4 g) and San Miao San (2.4 g) daily or placebo
• Participants: 65 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
• Duration: 24 weeks
• Outcome Measures:
  • American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20% response
  • Changes in ACR components (tender and swollen joint counts, patient and physician global assessments, pain, Health Assessment Questionnaire [HAQ] score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] or C-reactive protein [CRP] level)
  • Plasma levels and ex vivo-induced cytokines and chemokines
  • Oxidative stress markers

Summary: This study investigated the effects of Ganoderma lucidum and San Miao San (SMS), a traditional Chinese medicine combination, on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). While the combination did not significantly improve disease activity compared to placebo, it did lead to significant improvements in pain scores and patient global assessments. There were no significant changes in inflammatory markers, oxidative stress markers, or immune cell counts between the two groups. The combination was generally safe and well-tolerated. These findings suggest that Ganoderma lucidum and SMS may have analgesic effects in RA, but further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore potential anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory effects.

Potential Benefits of Ling Zhi or Reishi Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (W. Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst. (Aphyllophoromycetideae) to Breast Cancer Patients

Authors: Alice W. Chen and John Seleen

Journal: International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms

Study Design:

• Intervention: Triterpene-enriched polysaccharide extract of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi Gano 161)
• Participants: One stage IIIa breast cancer patient (case study)
• Duration: Not specified
• Outcome Measures:
  • Tumor response
  • Side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy
  • Quality of life

Summary: This case study reports on the potential benefits of a triterpene-enriched polysaccharide extract of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi Gano 161) in a breast cancer patient undergoing standard cancer treatments. According to the authors, the patient experienced effective tumor shrinkage, minimal side effects from chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and improved quality of life compared to patients who only received conventional cancer treatments. The study also discusses the potential molecular mechanism of G. lucidum’s antitumor activity, which appears to be based on the inhibition of the nuclear transcription factor NF-κB. However, as this is a single case study, further research is needed to confirm these findings and determine the effectiveness of G. lucidum in a larger population of breast cancer patients.

Effect of an Extract of Ganoderma Lucidum in Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized and Dose-Ranging Study

Authors: Masanori Noguchi, Tatsuyuki Kakuma, Katsuro Tomiyasu, Yoshiko Kurita, Hiroko Kukihara, Fumiko Konishi, Shoichiro Kumamoto, Kuniyoshi Shimizu, Ryuichiro Kondo, and Kei Matsuoka

Journal: Asian Journal of Andrology

Study Design:

• Intervention: 0.6 mg, 6 mg, or 60 mg of Ganoderma lucidum extract or placebo once daily
• Participants: 88 men over the age of 50 with mild-to-moderate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)
• Duration: 12 weeks
• Outcome Measures:
  • International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS)
  • Peak urine flow rate (Qmax)
  • Prostate volume
  • Residual urine
  • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels
  • Blood tests

Summary: This study investigated the effects of different doses of Ganoderma lucidum extract on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men. The extract was well-tolerated, with no major adverse effects reported. After 4 and 8 weeks, there were statistically significant improvements in IPSS scores (which measure the severity of LUTS) in the groups receiving the extract compared to the placebo group. However, there were no significant changes in peak urine flow rate, prostate volume, residual urine, PSA levels, or other blood test results. The study suggests that Ganoderma lucidum extract, particularly at a dose of 6 mg, may be effective in improving LUTS in men.

2005

Phase I Study of a Methanol Extract of Ganoderma Lucidum, Edible and Medicinal Mushroom, in Men with Mild Symptoms of Bladder Outlet Obstruction

Authors: M. Noguchi, T. Kakuma, K. Tomiyasu, F. Konishi, S. Kumamoto, R. Kondo, K. Matsuoka

Journal: Urology

Study Design:

• Intervention: 0.6 mg, 6 mg, or 60 mg of methanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum or placebo once daily
• Participants: 50 male volunteers (50+ years old) with mild symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value ≤ 4 ng/ml
• Duration: 8 weeks
• Outcome Measures:
  • International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS)
  • Peak urine flow rate (Qmax)
  • Prostate volume and residual urine (estimated by ultrasonography)
  • Blood tests, including PSA levels

Summary: This study investigated the safety and efficacy of a methanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum in men with mild bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) symptoms. The extract was well-tolerated, with no adverse effects reported. The 6 mg and 60 mg doses showed statistically significant reductions in the International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS) compared to the placebo, indicating an improvement in BOO symptoms. However, there were no significant changes in peak urine flow rate, residual urine, prostate volume, or PSA levels. The study concludes that the extract is safe and the recommended dose for further studies is 6 mg.

Immune Responses to Water-Soluble Ling Zhi Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.:Fr.) P. Karst. Polysaccharides in Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer

Authors: Min Huang, Yihuai Gao, Wenbo Tang, Xihu Dai, He Gao, Guoliang Chen, Jingxian Ye, Eli Chan, and Shufeng Zhou

Journal: International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms

Study Design:

• Intervention: 5.4 g/day of water-soluble Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (Ganopoly)
• Participants: 47 patients with advanced colorectal cancer
• Duration: 12 weeks
• Outcome Measures:
  • Mitogenic reactivity to phytohemagglutinin (PHA)
  • Counts of CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD56 cells
  • Plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and interferon (IFN)-\u03b3
  • NK activity
  • Plasma concentrations of IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1

Summary: This study investigated the effects of Ganopoly, a water-soluble extract of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, on the immune response in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. The results showed that Ganopoly treatment tended to increase immune cell activity and the production of certain cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IFN-\u03b3), while decreasing the production of other cytokines (IL-1, TNF-\u03b1). However, these changes were not statistically significant. The study suggests that Ganopoly may have beneficial immunomodulating effects in patients with advanced colorectal cancer, but further research is needed to confirm these findings.

Effects of Water-Soluble Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides on the Immune Functions of Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer

Authors: Yihuai Gao, Wenbo Tang, Xihu Dai, He Gao, Guoliang Chen, Jinxian Ye, Eli Chan, Hwee Ling Koh, Xiaotian Li, and Shufeng Zhou

Journal: Journal of Medicinal Food

Study Design:

• Intervention: 5.4 g/day of water-soluble Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (Ganopoly)
• Participants: 36 patients with advanced lung cancer
• Duration: 12 weeks
• Outcome Measures:
  • Mitogenic reactivity to phytohemagglutinin (PHA)
  • Counts of CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD56 cells
  • Plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and interferon (IFN)-\u03b3
  • NK activity

Summary: This study investigated the effects of Ganopoly, a water-soluble extract of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, on immune function in patients with advanced lung cancer. The results showed that Ganopoly treatment did not significantly alter the average immune responses in the overall group of patients. However, there was significant variability in individual responses, with some patients showing enhanced immune function after treatment. The changes in IL-1 levels were correlated with changes in IL-6, IFN-\u03b3, CD3, CD8, and NK activity, while IL-2 changes were correlated with IL-6, CD8, and NK activity. These findings suggest that Ganopoly may have immunomodulatory effects in certain subgroups of lung cancer patients, but further research is needed to identify these subgroups and optimize treatment strategies.

A Randomized, Double-Blind and Placebo-Controlled Study of a Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Extract in Neurasthenia

Authors: Wenbo Tang, Yihuai Gao, Guoliang Chen, He Gao, Xihu Dai, Jinxian Ye, Eli Chan, Min Huang, and Shufeng Zhou

Journal: Journal of Medicinal Food

Study Design:

• Intervention: 1800 mg of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extract (Ganopoly) or placebo three times a day
• Participants: 132 patients with neurasthenia
• Duration: 8 weeks
• Outcome Measures:
  • Clinical Global Impression (CGI) improvement of severity scale
  • Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) for fatigue and well-being

Summary: This study investigated the effects of Ganopoly, a polysaccharide extract of Ganoderma lucidum, on neurasthenia, a condition characterized by fatigue, irritability, and difficulty concentrating. After 8 weeks, the Ganopoly group showed significant improvements in CGI severity score and fatigue levels compared to the placebo group. The Ganopoly group also reported a greater sense of well-being. Ganopoly was well-tolerated, with no serious adverse effects. These findings suggest that Ganopoly may be an effective and safe treatment for neurasthenia.

A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Platelet and Global Hemostatic Effects of Ganoderma Lucidum (Ling-Zhi) in Healthy Volunteers

Authors: Yung Kwok, Kwok F. J. Ng, Carina C. F. Li, Clarence C. K. Lam, and Ricky Y. K. Man

Journal: Anesthesia & Analgesia

Study Design:

• Intervention: 1.5 g Ganoderma lucidum capsules or placebo daily
• Participants: 40 healthy volunteers
• Duration: 4 weeks
• Outcome Measures:
  • Routine hematology tests (complete blood count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time)
  • von Willebrand ristocetin cofactor (vWF:Rco) activity and fibrinogen concentration
  • Thrombelastography (TEG)
  • Platelet function analyzer (PFA-100)

Summary: This study investigated the effects of Ganoderma lucidum on blood clotting and platelet function in healthy volunteers. After 4 weeks of taking Ganoderma lucidum or a placebo, there were no significant differences between the two groups in any of the blood tests or measures of platelet function. This suggests that Ganoderma lucidum, at the dose used in this study, does not impair blood clotting or platelet function in healthy individuals.

2004

A Phase I/II Study of Ling Zhi Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.:Fr.)Lloyd (Aphyllophoromycetideae) Extract in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Authors: Yihuai Gao, Jin Lan, Xihu Dai, Jingxian Ye, Shufeng Zhou

Journal: International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms

Study Design:

• Intervention: 1800 mg of Ganopoly (polysaccharide fractions extracted from G. lucidum) or placebo three times daily
• Participants: 71 patients with type II diabetes mellitus
• Duration: 12 weeks (4 weeks of dose adjustment followed by 8 weeks of dose maintenance)
• Outcome Measures:
  • Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
  • Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)
  • Postprandial plasma glucose (PPG)
  • Insulin and C-peptide levels

Summary: This study investigated the efficacy and safety of Ganopoly, a polysaccharide extract from Ganoderma lucidum, in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. The results showed that Ganopoly significantly decreased HbA1c, FPG, and PPG levels compared to the placebo group. Additionally, Ganopoly significantly reduced fasting and postprandial insulin and C-peptide levels. The treatment was well-tolerated, with no serious adverse events reported. These findings suggest that Ganopoly may be an effective and safe treatment for lowering blood glucose levels in patients with type II diabetes.

A Phase I/II Study of Ling Zhi Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.:Fr.) Lloyd (Aphyllophoromycetideae) Extract in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

Authors: Yihuai Gao, Guoliang Chen, Xihu Dai, Jingxian Ye, Shufeng Zhou

Journal: International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms

Study Design:

• Intervention: Ganopoly (extracted G. lucidum polysaccharides) or placebo for 12 weeks
• Participants: 168 patients with confirmed coronary heart disease (CHD)
• Outcome Measures:
  • Improvement of major symptoms (chest pain, palpitation, angina pectoris, shortness of breath)
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG) changes
  • Serum cholesterol level
  • Blood pressure

Summary: This study investigated the clinical effects and safety of Ganopoly, a polysaccharide extract from Ganoderma lucidum, in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The results showed that Ganopoly treatment significantly improved the primary symptoms of CHD, including chest pain, palpitation, angina pectoris, and shortness of breath. The percentage of abnormal ECGs also decreased significantly in the Ganopoly group compared to the placebo group. Additionally, Ganopoly treatment led to a significant decrease in blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels. Ganopoly was well-tolerated and appeared to be safe and effective in patients with CHD.

2003

Effects of Ganopoly1 (A Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Extract) on the Immune Functions in Advanced-Stage Cancer Patients

Authors: Yihuai Gao, Shufeng Zhou, Wenqi Jiang, Min Huang, and Xihu Dai

Journal: Immunological Investigations

Study Design:

• Intervention: 1800 mg Ganopoly1 three times daily orally before meals
• Participants: 34 advanced-stage cancer patients
• Duration: 12 weeks
• Outcome Measures:
  • Plasma cytokine concentrations (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IFN-\u03b3, and TNF-\u03b1)
  • Lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD56+)
  • Mitotic response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA)
  • Natural killer (NK) cell activity

Summary: This study investigated the effects of Ganopoly1, a polysaccharide extract from Ganoderma lucidum, on immune function in advanced-stage cancer patients. The results showed that Ganopoly1 significantly increased plasma concentrations of IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-\u03b3, while decreasing levels of IL-1 and TNF-\u03b1. The mean absolute number of CD56+ cells (NK cells) increased significantly, while CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cell counts increased marginally. Ganopoly1 also enhanced PHA responses and NK activity in most patients. These findings suggest that Ganopoly1 may enhance immune responses in advanced-stage cancer patients.

A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study of Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.:Fr.) Lloyd (Aphyllophoromycetideae) Polysaccharides (Ganopoly\u00ae) in Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer

Authors: Yihuai Gao, Xihu Dai, Guoliang Chen, Jingxian Ye, Shufeng Zhou

Journal: International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms

Study Design:

• Intervention: Ganopoly (600 mg three times daily) or placebo
• Participants: 68 patients with histologically confirmed advanced lung cancer
• Duration: 12 weeks
• Outcome Measures:
  • Disease stability
  • Quality of life (Karnofsky Performance Status [KPS] score)
  • Cancer-related symptoms (fever, cough, weakness, sweating, insomnia)
  • Immune function (lymphocyte reactivity, CD3, CD4, CD8 percentages, natural killer cell activity)

Summary: This study investigated the efficacy and safety of Ganopoly, a polysaccharide extract from Ganoderma lucidum, in patients with advanced lung cancer. The results showed that Ganopoly treatment led to stable disease in 35.1% of patients, which was significantly higher than the 22.6% in the placebo group. Ganopoly also significantly improved quality of life, as measured by KPS scores, and reduced cancer-related symptoms such as fever, cough, weakness, sweating, and insomnia. Additionally, Ganopoly enhanced several immune functions, including lymphocyte reactivity, CD3 percentage, and natural killer cell activity. The treatment was well-tolerated, with only a few mild adverse events reported. These findings suggest that Ganopoly may have a role as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of advanced lung cancer.

2002

A Phase I/II Study of a Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst. Extract (Ganopofy) in Patients with Advanced Cancer

Authors: Yihuai Gao, Shufeng Zhou, Guoliang Chen, Xihu Dai, Jingxian Ye

Journal: International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms

Study Design:

• Intervention: 1800 mg of Ganopoly (crude polysaccharide fractions extracted from G. lucidum) three times daily
• Participants: 143 patients with advanced, previously treated cancer
• Duration: 12 weeks
• Outcome Measures:
  • Disease progression
  • Quality of life (FACT-G questionnaire)
  • Hematologic, biochemical, and immune function parameters

Summary: This study investigated the efficacy and safety of Ganopoly, a Ganoderma lucidum extract, in patients with advanced cancer. While no objective tumor responses were observed, 26.6% of patients experienced stable disease for 12 weeks or more. Ganopoly also showed palliative effects on cancer-related symptoms like sweating and insomnia, and significantly improved quality of life scores in patients with stable disease. Additionally, Ganopoly enhanced lymphocyte reactivity and natural killer cell activity in these patients. The extract was well-tolerated, with only mild adverse events reported. These findings suggest that Ganopoly may have a role as an adjunct therapy in cancer treatment, but further research is needed to confirm its efficacy.

A Phase I/II Study of a Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst. (Ling Zhi, Reishi Mushroom) Extract in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

Authors: Yihuai Gao, Shufeng Zhou, Guoliang Chen, Xihu Dai, Jingxian Ye

Journal: International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms

Study Design:

• Intervention: Ganopoly (G. lucidum extract) or placebo for 12 weeks
• Participants: 90 patients with chronic hepatitis B, HBV DNA positivity, and elevated aminotransferase levels
• Outcome Measures:
  • Levels of HBV DNA and aminotransferase activities in serum
  • Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status

Summary: This study investigated the safety and efficacy of Ganopoly, a Ganoderma lucidum extract, in patients with chronic hepatitis B. The results showed that Ganopoly was well-tolerated and appeared to be active against HBV. 25% of patients receiving Ganopoly responded by reducing HBeAg and HBV DNA, compared to 4% in the placebo group. Additionally, 33% of treated patients had normal aminotransferase levels, and 13% cleared hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from serum, while none of the controls did. These findings suggest that Ganopoly may be a promising treatment for chronic hepatitis B.

1995

Sensitization to Ganoderma lucidum in Patients with Respiratory Allergy in India

Authors: A. B. Singh, S. K. Gupta, B. M. J. Pereira, and D. Prakash

Journal: Clinical and Experimental Allergy

Study Design:

• Study Population: 172 patients with respiratory disorders and 14 asymptomatic controls
• Tests: Skin prick tests and intradermal tests using Ganoderma lucidum spore (GSE) and whole-body extracts (GWBE)
• Outcome Measures: Skin reactivity and allergen-specific IgE levels

Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of sensitization to Ganoderma lucidum, a type of mushroom, in patients with respiratory allergies in India. The study found that 28.48% of patients showed skin reactivity to GSE and 17.44% to GWBE. A significant correlation was found between skin prick and intradermal tests. Over 80% of skin test-positive patients had elevated IgE antibodies to G. lucidum. This is the first report of sensitization to G. lucidum in the atopic population of India.

Reputable Brands

When it comes to choosing a brand of medicinal mushrooms, it important to do your research. There is a lot of low quality stuff out there. While it’s totally fine to make your own tinctures, or buy from local producers, consider that for serious medical conditions, it may be best to go with a reputable brand that offers a tested and standardized product.

Below are some brands that offer high quality products. They are not the only ones, but they are well known and trusted. For proper disclosure, I do have an affiliation with these brands, but only because I believe they offer the highest quality products.

1. Real Mushrooms
   The name says it all! These guys use 100% fruiting bodies and conduct thorough testing to ensure the quality of their products. They are some of the pioneers in the industry and have a history of honesty and quality. Real Mushrooms is the direct-to-consumer company of one of the biggest bulk distributors of medicinal mushroom products.
2. Purest Mushrooms
   This is an upcoming brand that offers high-quality products at really competitive rates. They maintain close relationships with all their mushroom growers and conduct all their extractions in state-of-the-art facilities within the United States. They offer some of the most in-depth certificates of analysis on the market, so you know what you get is legitimate! For price and quality, they are one of my favorites and hard to beat. You can check them out here for a list of products and there certificates of analysis.
3. Nootropics Depot
   Nootropics Depot is a well trusted source of high-quality supplements. They offer many different types and in a wide variety of forms.

For more information on medicinal mushrooms and quality products, I recommend you read the PDF ¨Redefining Medicinal Mushrooms¨ by Nammex. You can find that here.